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Can you really make a system which has a temperature below absolute zero? From the Usenet Physics FAQ.
This department of the National Institute of Standards and Technology studies the physics of laser cooling, electromagnetic trapping, and other radiative manipulation of neutral atoms and dielectric particles. Home of 1997 Nobel Prize winner William D. Phillips, whose team has cooled atoms to less than a millionth of a degree above absolute zero.
This department of the National Institute of Standards and Technology studies the physics of laser cooling, electromagnetic trapping, and other radiative manipulation of neutral atoms and dielectric particles. Home of 1997 Nobel Prize winner William D. Phillips, whose team has cooled atoms to less than a millionth of a degree above absolute zero.
Can you really make a system which has a temperature below absolute zero? From the Usenet Physics FAQ.
Last update:
August 31, 2025 at 16:07:59 UTC
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