Shajarat al Durr, widow of the last Ayyubid ruler and originally a Turkish or Armenian slave, managed to take power in Egypt on her husband's death.
This led to two dynasties of Mamluks - slaves of varied races and nationalities forming a military oligarchy in an alien land, from 1250 to 1517 CE.
They cleared Syria and Egypt of the remnants of the Crusaders, and permanently checked the advance of Hulagu's and Timur's armies.
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An online exhibition of the art and architecture of the Mamluks; includes a brief account of the period, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
A history of the first period of Mamluk rule in Egypt; includes a list of rulers and dates.
A history of the second dynasty of Mamluk rulers in Egypt; includes a list of rulers and dates.
Describes the impact of Mamluk rule on Jerusalem, with photos of their architectural legacy.
Describes the impact of Mamluk rule on Jerusalem, with photos of their architectural legacy.
A history of the first period of Mamluk rule in Egypt; includes a list of rulers and dates.
A history of the second dynasty of Mamluk rulers in Egypt; includes a list of rulers and dates.
An online exhibition of the art and architecture of the Mamluks; includes a brief account of the period, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
